Transformers

An electric power transformer is a device which transfers electric power from one circuit to another through magnetic induction. Transformers are used widely in electric power transmission and distribution systems.

Let’s consider an example why transformers are used. Electricity is usually generated at a voltage such as 13.8 kV (13,800 volts.) Users of electric power are usually located at great distances from where it is generated therefore we use electric overhead lines to transmit energy over large distances.

Let’s consider a case where we need to transmit the generated energy to a point which is a 100 miles away. If we try to transmit electric energy at the generated voltage (13.8 kV.) there will be a tremendous amount of energy loss in the transmission lines. To minimize these losses we increase the voltage of the electric power before we transmit it. For example, we may upgrade the power voltage to 110kV or 220 kV before we transmit it. This increase in voltage results in reduction of the transmission losses.

A transformer is used to increase the voltage from 13.8 kV to 220 kV. This is one of many applications of a transformer.

The graphic provided here illustrates a high voltage power transformer.