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Stuffing Box Operation
This shows a complete seal assembly. This figure shows the following:
Item 1: Explained later.
Item 2: Valve stem.
Item 3: This is showing the rings of packed seal rings. Note that the rings are packed around the valve stem.
Item 4: This is the valve bonnet. Notice the cavity below the bonnet is connected to the valve body internals and the actual fluid flow. Now look at the seal rings and you will appreciate how the seal keeps the internal pressurized fluid from escaping along the valve.